“I’d trade my past for his future.”
Sandy Koufax on Dwight Gooden, 1985
Sandy Koufax and Dwight “Doc” Gooden have perplexed baseball pundits for decades. Koufax took six years to finally realize his ability and Doc showed up a brash teenager with a ceiling that never seemed to end. Both dominated at an elite level while they were on top but fate intervened and their career were cut short. We can only wonder how far these men could have went if they had gotten the help they needed.
Koufax was quickly making his case as the greatest pitcher of all time. In a span of four years he became one of the games most decorated athletes by acquiring its highest honors, including but not limited too: three Cy Young awards (1963, ’65, ’66), two World Series MVP’s ( ’63 and ’65), and most importantly the 1963 MVP. It was becoming obvious that this man was a once in a lifetime talent. There would be no debates to debate; when he was done it would be his name, not Cy Young’s, that would be synonymous with pitching greatness.
Then just like that it was over. Following the 1966 season Koufax was forced to retire after his arm went dead. We now know that he simply had a tear in his UCL, unfortunately this was prior to the invention of Tommy John surgery. So Koufax was sent out to the pasture to live out his days as the guy with a few good seasons instead of “The Guy.”
“This kid should end up being the greatest pitcher of all time.”
Warren Spahn on Doc Gooden, 1985
Doc Gooden was more of a flash in a pan. After his 1984 rookie of the year campaign, at the age of 19, many expected him to go down as one of the all-time greats. It might have seemed like they were jumping the gun a little, but the statistical evidence proved that these claims weren’t without warrant. He posted a 2.60 ERA and struck out 276 batters in 218 innings, good enough for a league leading 11.39 K/9 ratio. If his rookie season was greatness, he was defined by his sophomore season which was simply one of the greatest ever.
Being a young, impressionable teenager in New York would be hard for anyone to handle. Then throw in an endless money supply and the influence of the notorious Mets’ teams of that era, and the odds become stacked in favor of the house. Following the 1985 season Gooden’s demise was imminent. Many late nights of cocaine abuse and heavy drinking took a toll on his performance as he was slowly relegated from marvelous to great, from great to good, from good to average, then finally he retired. There were moments of greatness sprinkled in here and there, but he was never able to sustain at a high level.
Despite both players premature fall from greatness they own some of the best pitching season in the history of Major League Baseball. There’s no debate there, Gooden’s 1985 season was the defining season of his decade. Koufax was also the hurler of his decade (It is possible that Bob Gibson’s 1968 special was its best single season). What we want to know is who had the best season.
First we have to decide which year we go with on Koufax. He had three equally marvelous seasons but we settled on 1963. 1965 would be the most poetic choice due to the perfect game and the sheer dominance he displayed in his strikeout total. There is also 1966 which is better than most guys’ best season but it can’t hold a candle to the other campaigns.
No way we could have picked anything but 1963. How can you deny his MVP season? Think about that for a second – a pitcher winning an MVP award. That’s unheard of in today’s game. I don’t know if the award is a reflection of his skill or the times, but either way it’s quite remarkable regardless of the circumstances.
On paper it’s pretty hard to distinguish between the two seasons. Gooden pitched 276.7 innings while going 24-4 with a 1.53 ERA, 268 SO and 68 BB. Koufax’s ’63 gem went a little something like this: 25-5, 1.88 ERA, 306 SO, 58 BB. Just looking at those lines without any definition I would be inclined to wrap this thing up, stick a bow on it, and send it off to Sandy. But after breaking down their statistics and re-assembling them in the proper context things begin to change.
The Deadball Era was a time when pitchers like Walter Johnson made a name for themselves off huge ballparks and a major lack of power. ERA’s were shriveled up and strikeout totals were bloated. Many people make the mistake of just looking at the numbers and thinking that the pitchers from this era were incredible. Some of the guys were incredible, but it would be naïve to believe they were the best the game has had too offer. Things weren’t quite as drastic during the 1960’s, but similar circumstances have caused it to be known as the “The Neo Dead Ball Era”. Many pitchers again dominated during this era and it’s no coincidence that some of the lowest run totals in the history of game came during this decade. In fact, the 3.81 runs per game in ’63 was the second lowest total since 1920 (the 3.43 in 1968 is the lowest). Either the best pitchers ever to live were all born during this decade, or the overall talent pool was depleted.
The game’s power surge was just beginning when Gooden found his way into the league. Needles were finding their way into locker rooms, but cocaine, amphetamines and alcohol were still the substances of choice. The 4.07 runs scored may not seem like a quantum leap from Koufax’s stellar season, but it’s significant enough to make a difference. Accounting for almost 2,000 more runs on the year. The players split stats for their respective years tell an interesting story. Gooden was equally impressive at home as on the road. His road ERA of 1.56 was only .06 higher and he actually gave up more runs while pitching at Shea. There is nothing to suggest that his park aided in his success. The same can not be said for Koufax. The revelations that appeared in his splits are troubling but not surprising.
To this day Dodger Stadium is known as a pitchers’ park but 40 years ago it was even more notorious. The power alleys sat at 385 feet and during evening games, as the sun sets, the air cools due to the ocean climate and becomes very dense. Deep fly balls that would otherwise be home runs instead die in the heavy air. The park also contained the largest foul grounds in the league at the time allowing fielders to convert outs that would have landed in the stands at other venues. At home Koufax was the best pitcher in the league posting a 1.38 ERA but his road average of 2.38 would have placed him fourth on ’63 leader board. This phenomenon is comparable the Coors Field Slugger who has good power but becomes great due to the thin air. This is not to say that Koufax’s success only came at home. He actually picked up half of his 20 complete games, including five of his 11 shutouts, on the road.
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Table One: Actual Statistics |
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IP | W | L | ERA | SO | BB | H/9 | BB/9 | SO/9 | HR |
| Gooden | 276.6 | 24 | 4 | 1.53 | 276 | 73 | 6.44 | 2.24 | 8.72 | 13 |
| Koufax | 311 | 25 | 5 | 1.88 | 306 | 58 | 6.19 | 1.68 | 8.86 | 18 |
Despite converting eight of his 16 complete games into shutouts, Doc comes up short in both categories allowing Koufax to pick up some ground. It’s arguable that he would have had more chances if he pitched in a four-man rotation like Koufax, but at age 20 he very well could have broke down with the extra work load. Koufax’s reputation as a workhorse is one of the things that propelled him into legendary status and is one of the things that made him great. Ironically, it is also what cut his career short.
Outside of ERA, Gooden comes up short in almost every statistical category. The increased workload aids in this, but we aren’t interested in accumulated totals. What we’re looking at is the effectiveness each man possessed while on the mound which is reflected in their averages over a nine-inning times frame (table one). The problem is the gap isn’t large enough. After translating their numbers based on era the tide shifts (table two).
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IP | W | L | ERA | K | BB | HR | H/9 | BB/9 | SO/9 | HR/9 |
| Koufax | 281 | 24 | 5 | 2.37 | 275 | 74 | 26 | 6.7 | 1.5 | 8.8 | .8 |
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Gooden |
279.7 | 25 | 5 | 2.19 | 280 | 56 | 22 | 7.7 | 2.8 | 11.8 | .7 |
The significant change was in total innings for Koufax which shows what he would have accomplished in a five-man rotation. Other than that the jump in ERA is expected and his totals in the other categories reflect the decreased work load. For Gooden, his ERA climbs, also a result in a weak offensive year, but so do his numbers in every other category most notably in wins and strikeouts.
Modern statistical analysis allows us to do this kind of study, but at the end of the day it is all mere speculation. It is impossible to truly know how these guys would fair in today’s game if you were to transplant them at this point in their careers. Maybe the game was better in the 1960’s, maybe not. We’ll never really know if the old timers can hold up with the new jacks until someone pulls Ted Williams from his pond and puts a jersey on his back.







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