From the monthly archives:

August 2007

Battle of the Titans: Doc vs. Sandy

by Nick Underhill on August 14, 2007

“I’d trade my past for his future.”
Sandy Koufax on Dwight Gooden, 1985 

Sandy Koufax and Dwight “Doc” Gooden have perplexed baseball pundits for decades.  Koufax took six years to finally realize his ability and Doc showed up a brash teenager with a ceiling that never seemed to end.  Both dominated at an elite level while they were on top but fate intervened and their career were cut short.  We can only wonder how far these men could have went if they had gotten the help they needed.

 

Koufax was quickly making his case as the greatest pitcher of all time.  In a span of four years he became one of the games most decorated athletes by acquiring its highest honors, including but not limited too:  three Cy Young awards (1963, ’65, ’66), two World Series MVP’s ( ’63 and ’65), and most importantly the 1963 MVP.   It was becoming obvious that this man was a once in a lifetime talent.  There would be no debates to debate; when he was done it would be his name, not Cy Young’s, that would be synonymous with pitching greatness.

 

Then just like that it was over.  Following the 1966 season Koufax was forced to retire after his arm went dead.  We now know that he simply had a tear in his UCL, unfortunately this was prior to the invention of Tommy John surgery.  So Koufax was sent out to the pasture to live out his days as the guy with a few good seasons instead of “The Guy.”

 

“This kid should end up being the greatest pitcher of all time.”
Warren Spahn on Doc Gooden, 1985 

Doc Gooden was more of a flash in a pan.  After his 1984 rookie of the year campaign, at the age of 19, many expected him to go down as one of the all-time greats.  It might have seemed like they were jumping the gun a little, but the statistical evidence proved that these claims weren’t without warrant.  He posted a 2.60 ERA and struck out 276 batters in 218 innings, good enough for a league leading 11.39 K/9 ratio.  If his rookie season was greatness, he was defined by his sophomore season which was simply one of the greatest ever.

 

Being a young, impressionable teenager in New York would be hard for anyone to handle.  Then throw in an endless money supply and the influence of the notorious Mets’ teams of that era, and the odds become stacked in favor of the house. Following the 1985 season Gooden’s demise was imminent.  Many late nights of cocaine abuse and heavy drinking took a toll on his performance as he was slowly relegated from marvelous to great, from great to good, from good to average, then finally he retired.  There were moments of greatness sprinkled in here and there, but he was never able to sustain at a high level.

 

Despite both players premature fall from greatness they own some of the best pitching season in the history of Major League Baseball.  There’s no debate there, Gooden’s 1985 season was the defining season of his decade.  Koufax was also the hurler of his decade (It is possible that Bob Gibson’s 1968 special was its best single season).  What we want to know is who had the best season.

 

First we have to decide which year we go with on Koufax.  He had three equally marvelous seasons but we settled on 1963.  1965 would be the most poetic choice due to the perfect game and the sheer dominance he displayed in his strikeout total.  There is also 1966 which is better than most guys’ best season but it can’t hold a candle to the other campaigns.

 

No way we could have picked anything but 1963. How can you deny his MVP season?  Think about that for a second – a pitcher winning an MVP award.  That’s unheard of in today’s game.  I don’t know if the award is a reflection of his skill or the times, but either way it’s quite remarkable regardless of the circumstances.

 

On paper it’s pretty hard to distinguish between the two seasons.  Gooden pitched 276.7 innings while going 24-4 with a 1.53 ERA, 268 SO and 68 BB.  Koufax’s ’63 gem went a little something like this:  25-5, 1.88 ERA, 306 SO, 58 BB.  Just looking at those lines without any definition I would be inclined to wrap this thing up, stick a bow on it, and send it off to Sandy.  But after breaking down their statistics and re-assembling them in the proper context things begin to change.

The Deadball Era was a time when pitchers like Walter Johnson made a name for themselves off huge ballparks and a major lack of power.  ERA’s were shriveled up and strikeout totals were bloated.  Many people make the mistake of just looking at the numbers and thinking that the pitchers from this era were incredible.  Some of the guys were incredible, but it would be naïve to believe they were the best the game has had too offer. Things weren’t quite as drastic during the 1960’s, but similar circumstances have caused it to be known as the “The Neo Dead Ball Era”.  Many pitchers again dominated during this era and it’s no coincidence that some of the lowest run totals in the history of game came during this decade.  In fact, the 3.81 runs per game in ’63 was the second lowest total since 1920 (the 3.43 in 1968 is the lowest).  Either the best pitchers ever to live were all born during this decade, or the overall talent pool was depleted. 

The game’s power surge was just beginning when Gooden found his way into the league.  Needles were finding their way into locker rooms, but cocaine, amphetamines and alcohol were still the substances of choice.  The 4.07 runs scored may not seem like a quantum leap from Koufax’s stellar season, but it’s significant enough to make a difference.  Accounting for almost 2,000 more runs on the year. The players split stats for their respective years tell an interesting story.  Gooden was equally impressive at home as on the road.  His road ERA of 1.56 was only .06 higher and he actually gave up more runs while pitching at Shea.  There is nothing to suggest that his park aided in his success. The same can not be said for Koufax.  The revelations that appeared in his splits are troubling but not surprising. 

 To this day Dodger Stadium is known as a pitchers’ park but 40 years ago it was even more notorious.  The power alleys sat at 385 feet and during evening games, as the sun sets, the air cools due to the ocean climate and becomes very dense.  Deep fly balls that would otherwise be home runs instead die in the heavy air.  The park also contained the largest foul grounds in the league at the time allowing fielders to convert outs that would have landed in the stands at other venues.  At home Koufax was the best pitcher in the league posting a 1.38 ERA but his road average of 2.38 would have placed him fourth on ’63 leader board.  This phenomenon is comparable the Coors Field Slugger who has good power but becomes great due to the thin air.  This is not to say that Koufax’s success only came at home.  He actually picked up half of his 20 complete games, including five of his 11 shutouts, on the road.

Table One:  Actual Statistics

 

IP W L ERA SO BB H/9 BB/9 SO/9 HR
Gooden 276.6 24 4 1.53 276 73 6.44 2.24 8.72 13
Koufax 311 25 5 1.88 306 58 6.19 1.68 8.86 18

                                                                              

Despite converting eight of his 16 complete games into shutouts, Doc comes up short in both categories allowing Koufax to pick up some ground.  It’s arguable that he would have had more chances if he pitched in a four-man rotation like Koufax, but at age 20 he very well could have broke down with the extra work load.  Koufax’s reputation as a workhorse is one of the things that propelled him into legendary status and is one of the things that made him great.  Ironically, it is also what cut his career short.

Outside of ERA, Gooden comes up short in almost every statistical category.  The increased workload aids in this, but we aren’t interested in accumulated totals.  What we’re looking at is the effectiveness each man possessed while on the mound which is reflected in their averages over a nine-inning times frame (table one).  The problem is the gap isn’t large enough.  After translating their numbers based on era the tide shifts  (table two).

             

  IP       W ERA K BB HR H/9 BB/9 SO/9 HR/9
Koufax 281  24 5   2.37  275 74  26  6.7 1.5 8.8 .8

Gooden

279.7 25 5 2.19 280 56 22 7.7 2.8 11.8 .7

The significant change was in total innings for Koufax which shows what he would have accomplished in a five-man rotation.  Other than that the jump in ERA is expected and his totals in the other categories reflect the decreased work load.  For Gooden, his ERA climbs, also a result in a weak offensive year, but so do his numbers in every other category most notably in wins and strikeouts.

 

Modern statistical analysis allows us to do this kind of study, but at the end of the day it is all mere speculation.  It is impossible to truly know how these guys would fair in today’s game if you were to transplant them at this point in their careers.  Maybe the game was better in the 1960’s, maybe not.  We’ll never really know if the old timers can hold up with the new jacks until someone pulls Ted Williams from his pond and puts a jersey on his back.

 

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Want Bonds out of Baseball? Boycott the Giants

by Nick Underhill on August 9, 2007

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I’m sick and tired of hearing people cry about an asterisk or for the removal of Barry Bonds.  I disagree with making him an example, but it looks like the head has to go before the body.  You guys can keep crying about Henry being the people’s home run king, or you can go into action.

 

Barry will be coming to city near you.  The solution is rather simple, don’t buy tickets. If people didn’t support the steroid king of baseball he wouldn’t exist.  Just imagine if people completely boycotted the stadiums he was playing in.  The owners would throw fits and he would be exterminated from the sport. 

 

Doing nothing just isn’t working.  I commend your efforts, but the Drunk Guy in section 117 guzzling $5 beers just isn’t getting the job done. I’m sure the owner has made a notation of your dissatisfaction as you heckle Barry from your $40 seat.

 

Don’t screw this up though, we aren’t talking about a walk out.  The goal here is to hurt the bottom line, if you do that the owners still get the money and then you’re the dummy. The Pirates did just that earlier this year when they wanted to get a point across to their cheap owner.  It was just a shameful site.  I’m sure it killed him when that night’s crowd of 459 remerged from the bowels of the stadium after stuffing their faces with franks for an inning.  That poor city, even their fans can’t win.

 

Don’t leave this thing in the hands of Big Al Selig, we all saw how far that got you guys.  The Mitchell investigation has been about as successful as Desert Storm part Deux.  If you guys are really that disgusted by the steroid era hit ‘em where it hurts. 

 

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This, Bud, Is on you

by Nick Underhill on August 6, 2007

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Nothing.  Empty.  Cold.  Blank.  Those emotions should never be used to describe a festive moment. Many people jumped out of their seats when Bonds matched Hank Aaron’s home run record, but instead of clapping they looked to their left and right unsure of how to react.  The nation was entrapped in one big clandestine moment.  Should I cheer, should I boo, did he cheat, did he lie, he didn’t cheat, does it really matter, do I care?  All of those thoughts were racing through Qualcomm Stadium and living rooms across the country.  The scene in San Francisco will probably be one of jubilance tonight if he breaks the record but it won’t be real.  In that capsule Bonds is a respected figure, but to the rest of the world he is the man that robbed baseball.

 

Nothing was more telling than Bud Selig’s emotionless reaction to the historic home run.  He remained seated while everyone got up to watch the ball as it ascended into the air and then drop neatly into the seats.  For a brief second watching that ball was comforting, a familiar feeling that took us back to past joyous moments that the game has provided us with.  Wait, this wasn’t 1998, and surely it wasn’t 1961.  After the ensuing moment it became surreal, some faces blank, others remained smiling, a few even appeared to be in anguish.  Then the cameras panned too Selig.  If this man, the commissioner of baseball, was unwilling to cheer or merely clap his hands for this display of athletic excellence should anyone else?  It was one of the most shameful moments I have ever witnessed as a spectator of sports. 

 

Regardless of how this moment came too fruition, he knew that his presence was hovering over the game.  He knew all eyes would immediately fix on him during Bonds trot around the bases.  He knew this, but still he choice to do nothing. Hs reaction suffocated the significance of what just transpired on the field.  That couldn’t have been his intentions, could it?  It almost seemed like a premeditated attempt to tarnish the memory of the moment, so that people will know that he disapproved as the video lives on in replay infamy. His scowl acting as an asterisks. While that is a convienent explanation, the interpretation is shortsighted.  

 

We may not be ready too admit it, but Bonds numbers have earned him an invitation into the pantheon where we hold our baseball gods, but with each milestone he reaches a collective finger is waved shamefully towards the commissioner’s office.  The soon-to-be home run king may be the Grinch of baseball, but even the mayor of Whoville made an attempt to bring everyone together and save the day; Selig did nothing.  As he became aware of what happening in the clubhouses he failed to investigate and police his land.  All the other major sports had a drug policy in place, yet it took Congress running interference for anything to happen in baseball.  By then damage had begun, Bonds already owned the single season home run record with his sights locked on Aaron. At that point, a last minute effort still could have been made.  If sports have taught us anything it’s that it’s never too late for something to happen.  Getting Bonds out of baseball would have been his walk-off home run, so why did he sit back with his hands folded in his lap.  Were we really supposed to believe that the bogus investigation headed by George Mitchell was supposed to reveal all the answers we so desperatly need?  Furthermore, is he actually using that information to punish those in the wrong?

Could this all be because deep down he knows this is his fault? That’s why he won’t entertain the idea of placing an asterisk next to the slugger’s name.  If that were to happen the whole Baseball Almanac would become inundated with the foreign object because he can’t just single out one player.  As much as folk lore would like you too believe that Ford Frick placed the symbol next too Roger Marris’ name following the 1961 season, it never happened.  Even if it had, this would be much different.  Ultimately, Selig would be admitting to his shortcomings as the presiding figure, and in essence, he would also be placing the star next to his own name.

He knows that he turned a blind eye when this first started.  It looked as though his ship was sinking, the World Series had been canceled on his watch and the fans were taking the wind out his sails as more and more were avoiding the ballparks.  Then the high octane sluggers came and breathed life back into the sport.  The focus was again off Bud, but more importantly ticket revenue was up and the merchandise was flying off shelves.  This was the answer too all his problems.  How could it possibly be bad thing?  Roger Maris wasn’t his friend anyways, not like Hank Aaron is, so where’s harm if his mark falls?  Technically, he and players weren’t doing anything wrong, steroids weren’t against the rules.  So as long as he kept it that way he had an escape route if things got out of hand. Then Barry showed up and it all came unraveled.  Before he knew it his secret was out, exposed in a national best seller, but Lance Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams never implicated him in The Game of Shadows.  In fact the driving force behind the book was the testimonies that were being given before a Grand Jury in an attempt to clean up the game.  So he figured he’d let Bonds be the fall guy and again let all of the attention and accusations fall on his shoulders.  Why would he ever admit that he lost control or step away if he didn’t have too?

 

So all he could do in this moment was just watch emotionlessly as the soul of the game was ripped out of its chest, just as he will when 756 finds it way to the seats knowing that he created this monster.  The guilt will wash over him as that ball gloriously flies through the air and splashes into McCovey Cove mocking all those that witness it’s flight.  It will again wash all the emotion from his face, as he sits in stunned silence knowing in that moment he betrayed everyone all over again.    

 

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Is Glavine the Last 300 Game Winner?

by Nick Underhill on August 5, 2007

I know everyone’s attention is shifted to the left coast right now, but something special is happening in Chicago tonight. Barry Bonds assault on baseball’s most hallowed mark is absolutely something to marvel at, but with Alex Rodriguez in his rearview mirror it kind of takes away the notoriety of the moment. 

Tom Glavine won’t be setting any records with his 300th win, but he may be the last one ever to join the exclusive club.300 wins is the last great milestone left in baseball.  All of the batting marks have been trampled over as the stampede of ‘roided up players made their way out of the league.  500 home runs and 3,000 hits just don’t carry the same weight they did in 1986.On the surface Glavine’s 300th victory doesn’t appear to be that spectacular, but if you dig a little deeper you’ll realize not a single player is in striking distance besides Randy Johnson, and his career is likely over with 284 wins.  In the last 20 years Nolan Ryan, Roger Clemens, and Greg Maddux are the only other hurlers to reach the 300 win milestone.  In that same span eight players have picked up their 500th home run, with four more likely to join in the next two or three years, and 11 reached the hits mark. The 300 game winner became an endangered species back in the 1980’s when teams abandoned the four-man rotation.  Players who got their start after the 1960’s were at a serious disadvantage.  Ryan benefited greatly from this early in his career as it gave him more opportunities to pick up wins.  This was also a key factor for the five other pitchers who joined the club in the early 1980’s:  Gaylord Perry, Steve Carlton, Tom Seaver, Phil Niekro and Don Sutton.Clubs began making the shift to a five-man rotation around 1975 but it didn’t fully catch on until about 1985.  Prior to this move pitchers picked up nearly ten more starts a year, thus meaning more 20-win seasons which put guys on the fast track to 300 wins.  Accoring to STATS Inc. between 1965 and 1985 there were 160 20-game winners.  Since then there has been merely 79. 

Playing for a successful team can make or break a guys campaign to 300.  Talent alone isn’t enough to carry a guy the distance.  Theoretically it’s possible for a pitcher to post a 5.00 career ERA and still manage to reach the milestone.  Glavine and Maddux were helped immensly by the Atlantla Braves.  They won the pennant 11 out of the 16 season Glavine was there, helping him en route to five 20 win seasons.  It should also be noted that he has never spent a day on the disabled list. 

A number of pitchers have broke into the league over the last two years that have the skill set and are at the proper age to challenge the hallowed mark, but they are going to need a lot of luck and help from their offense to get there.  Justin Verlander picked up his first win a month after turning 23 and playing for the high scoring Tigers only helps his cause.  Felix Hernandez, who has 23 wins, has a major advantage on his competition being that he is only 21, but it is impossible to project what is going to happen 20 years from now.

These are the guys that currently have the best chance at making marathon run at 300.

Player

Age

Wins

Projected Season

Mark Buehrle

29

108

2019 (41)

C.C. Sabathia

26

95

2021 (40)

Johan Santana

28

89

2022 (43)

Carlos Zambrano

26

78

2022 (41)

John Lackey

28

73

2022 (43)

Josh Beckett

27

70

2023 (43)

Jake Peavy

26

68

2023 (42)

Dontrelle Willis

25

65

2023 (41)

The numbers used were based off the average of 15 wins per season.  Pedro Martinez also has an outside shot of getting there, he currently resides at 205 wins but he’s 35 years old.  Using the same rate he would have to stick around for seven more seasons assuming he doesn’t come back this year.

Statistically Sabathia appears to have the best shot at it.  His age alone gives him the upper hand to everyone else on the list, but everyone on there has an outside chance at best based on age, talent and run support.  Now obviously anything can happen, it’s very unlikely that Santana or Willis will stick with their current clubs, so when or if that happens it will change their odds. 

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Tommy John Surgery: The Truth Revealed?

by Nick Underhill on August 5, 2007

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One of the most important moments in baseball history wasn’t a milestone achievement, an everlasting play that will forever be replayed on highlight shows, or even some great trade made by a general manager.  It didn’t happen on the field, in the owner’s box, or in the clubhouse.  It happened when a down-on-his-luck pitcher walked into Dr. Frank Jobe’s office without any other options. 

Tommy John just wasn’t willing to give up.  Prior to the invention of the ulnar collateral ligament replacement surgery this type of injury was considered a death sentence.  Pitchers were simply considered to have a dead arm and they either disappeared or tried to struggle through it.  It’s believed that Sandy Koufax’s career could have been saved if the procedure had existed in 1966.  Hundreds of careers were lost, in contrast, today nearly one in seven pitchers have been saved by this operation.

More than three decades have passed since September 25, 1976 when the operation was first performed, but there are still many unknowns and myths surrounding this procedure.  Amazingly, no in-depth studies have been conducted on the players returning from the injury, so pretty much everything we think we know is based off speculation.

The only study that exists was conducted by Brett W. Gibson of the Penn Sports Medicine Center in Philadelphia.  These were his findings: 

“Of 68 Major League Baseball pitchers who underwent the surgery between 1998 and 2003, 82 percent returned to play within an average of 18.5 months post-surgery with no chance in average ERA or walks or hits per innings pitched.”

Baseball people have accepted those figures as fact for a number of years.  With all the useless information on the internet, why has no one ever kept track of radar readings?  I know I’m not the only one out there that would visit the site that hosted this information.   I spent countless hours “googling” different phrases and turned up nothing.  The reason this information is so valuable is because many people have claimed to come back with a little extra mustard on their fastball, but there is no hard evidence to back up this theory.  Essentially making the claim impossible to prove.

Billy Koch, who blew out his arm in his third appearance in 1997, typically threw in the high-90s.  When he returned from the disabled list USA Today reported that he hit as high as 108 mph (which is highly unlikey, gut who am I too argrue?).  In 2003 Kerry Wood claimed that in the years following his 1999 operation he was throwing harder than ever.  I’d like to think he was imagining things, but considering that he topped 200 strikeouts in the three seasons following his operation it’s hard to make that case.   It should also be noted that he never hit 100 mph until after the surgery.

So why isn’t everyone lining up to get the four inch scar that goes along with the added velocity?  Well, actually they are.  Several of the leading orthopedists have reported that many teenage ball players come to them with healthy arms or minor injuries looking for an upgrade.  Dr. James Andrews, the leading physician in his field, recently explained in a New York Times article that the extra heat, if it exists at all, comes from the physical therapy and rehab that is done in post-op recovery.  He also has a few theories that can explain this hoax:  young pitchers begin to throw harder as they mature, players are comparing the speed from when they are injured to the postoperative velocity, and pitchers often improve their mechanics during rehab while also making their bodies stronger.  Lastly, the repaired arms are pain free and rested.

“We don’t want to advertise that we can make you a better pitcher by the Tommy John procedure; that’s misleading,” explains Dr. Andrews.  “The increased velocity isn’t true by any stretch of the imagination.  For the ones that do it, the reason is all the hard work, all the throwing exercises and the development from all the exercises they’d probably never done before.”

The procedure is no longer a death sentence, so it doesn’t make sense to put it off when the warning signs appear.  Some clubs will allow a player to struggle for years trying in an attempt too circumvent the operation until their elbows snap like a curve ball.  In this era they should just step in when the red flags start showing up and force them to get it repaired.  It seems as though the longer the wait the harder it is to come back.  Why wait until the ligament is nearly shredded and risk further injury?  Atlanta pitcher Mike Hampton was disabled with forearm soreness in 2005.  It was later discovered that he had a UCL injuryIt was successfully repaired but he continues to struggle with elbow problems that are reportedly unrelated.  You have to wonder if they would have got it right from the start if things would have turned out differently.

Even though some clubs are reluctant, most now opt to go under the knife for partial tears instead of wasting time trying to heal through rest and rehab.

“The non-surgical success rate healing these partial tears is a lot lower that we initially thought,” Andrews says.  “It’s a 50-50 chance they’ll heal with conservative treatment.”

With the new success rates and improved arms, some people have suggested that teams should start using the procedure as a precaution when they draft a player.  They state that their new prospects could study the intricacies of the game while taking away the possibility of losing them down the road.  I’m a firm believer in the “if it ain’t broke don’t fix it” theory, so this seems a little far fetched to me.  Especially since no evidence exists to support the surgically enhanced pitcher theory.

Francisco Liriano might be the best subject for a case study.  He was one of the top pitchers in the league last year before he went down in the second half.  The Twins opted for the surgery almost immediately; he is due back next year. 

The mystery is still out on the Tommy John surgery.  Too many variables exist to prove anything.  For each Billy Koch that returns with a little extra zip there’s a Jimmy Key that comes back a soft tosser.  If Francisco Lirano comes back throwing 105 mph heaters there will be a couple extra bodies in Dr. Andrew’s waiting room even though it probably has nothing to do with his new tightly wound ligament.

 

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